Multidetector Computed Tomography of the Mesocolon: Review of Anatomy and Pathology

The anatomy of the mesocolon can be seen on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans, and its most important anatomic landmarks are the mesocolic vessels. The high spatial resolution of the current generation scanner coupled with the ability to generate high quality multiplanar images is very helpful in the delineation of the mesocolon. These vessels include the ileocolic and right colic vessels for the ascending mesocolon, the middle colic vessels for the transverse mesocolon, and the inferior mesenteric vein for the sigmoid and descending mesocolon. Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks of the mesocolon can help the radiologist identify the pathways for the spread of diseases of the colon and pancreas. Abnormalities of the mesocolon may also herald primary disease in the adjacent viscera. In the current context, this knowledge of the anatomy of the mesocolon and vascular landmarks can also be helpful for surgical planning, especially for minimal access or laparoscopic surgery.