Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , January 2007

Integrated CT-PET Imaging of Esophageal Cancer: Unexpected and Unusual Distribution of Distant Organ Metastases

References 

  1. Flanagan FL, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA, et al. Staging of esophageal cancer with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. AJR. 1997;168:417–424
  2. Roth J, Putman J, Rich T, et al. Cancer of the esophagus. In:  DeVita V,  Hellman S,  Rosenberg S editor. Cancer (Principles and Practice of Oncology). New York: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;p. 980–1021
  3. Quint LE, Hepburn LM, Francis IR, et al. Incidence and distribution of distant metastases from newly diagnosed esophageal carcinoma. Cancer. 1995;76:1120–1125
  4. Block MI, Patterson GA, Sundaresan RS, et al. Improvement in staging of esophageal cancer with the addition of positron emission tomography. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:770–776discussion 776-7
  5. Luketich JD, Friedman DM, Weigel TL, et al. Evaluation of distant metastases in esophageal cancer: 100 consecutive positron emission tomography scans. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1133–1136discussion 1136-7
  6. van Westreenen HL, Heeren PA, van Dullemen HM, et al. Positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in a combined staging strategy of esophageal cancer prevents unnecessary surgical explorations. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005;9:54–61
  7. Yeung HW, Macapinlac HA, Mazumdar M, et al. FDG-PET in esophageal cancer (Incremental value over computed tomography). Clin Positron Imaging. 1999;2:255–260
  8. Flamen P, Lerut A, Van Cutsem E, et al. Utility of positron emission tomography for the staging of patients with potentially operable esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3202–3210
  9. Weber WA, Ott K. Imaging of esophageal and gastric cancer. Semin Oncol. 2004;31:530–541
  10. Wu G, Bybel B, Brunken R, et al. PET detection of solitary distant skeletal muscle metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 2005;30:335–337
  11. Geukens DM, Vande Berg BC, Malghem J, et al. Ossifying muscle metastases from an esophageal adenocarcinoma mimicking myositis ossificans. AJR. 2001;176:1165–1166
  12. Pretorius ES, Fishman EK. Helical CT of skeletal muscle metastases from primary carcinomas. AJR. 2000;174:401–404
  13. Lekse JM, Zhang J, Mawn LA. Metastatic gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma to the extraocular muscles. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:318–321
  14. Weinberg JS, Suki D, Hanbali F, et al. Metastasis of esophageal carcinoma to the brain. Cancer. 2003;98:1925–1933
  15. Mandard AM, Chasle J, Marnay J, et al. Autopsy findings in 111 cases of esophageal cancer. Cancer. 1981;48:329–335
  16. Ogawa K, Toita T, Sueyama H, et al. Brain metastases from esophageal carcinoma: natural history, prognostic factors, and outcome. Cancer. 2002;94:759–764
  17. Rasanen JV, Sihvo EI, Knuuti MJ, et al. Prospective analysis of accuracy of positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography in staging of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:954–960
  18. Opocher E, Galeotti F, Spina GP, et al. Diagnosis of secondary tumors of the pancreas (Analysis of 13 cases). Minerva Med. 1982;73:577–581
  19. Kim TY, Kim WB, Ryu JS, et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in thyroid from positron emission tomogram (PET) for evaluation in cancer patients: high prevalence of malignancy in thyroid PET incidentaloma. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:1074–1078
  20. Yi JG, Marom EM, Munden RF, et al. Focal uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose by the thyroid in patients undergoing initial disease staging with combined PET/CT for non-small cell lung cancer. Radiology. 2005;236:271–275
  21. van Westreenen HL, Westerterp M, Jager PL, et al. Synchronous primary neoplasms detected on 18F-FDG PET in staging of patients with esophageal cancer. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1321–1325

PII: S0363-0188(06)00064-8

doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2006.10.004

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , January 2007